Analysis of Natural Antibodies during the Development of Phantom Pain Syndrome

We determined natural antibodies (n-Abs) to the regulators of the main systems of biochemical homeostasis: β-endorphin, serotonin, dopamine, histamine, orphanin, angiotensin, GABA, glutamate, bradykinin, vasopressin, thrombin, and α-2-macroglobulin in individuals with phantom pain syndrome (PPS), resulting from amputation after injury. It was established that each patient has an individual immunoprofile, but for all of them there was a significant increase in the level of antibodies to serotonin, histamine, and angiotensin, which reflect the chronicity of the pain syndrome and do not depend on the self-assessment of the severity of PPS. Determination of the role of regulators of biochemical homeostasis in the development of phantom pain showed that, at high, moderate, and weak severity of PPS, the biogenic amine and angiotensinergic systems are activated. A decrease in PPS intensity normalizes deviations in all immunological parameters. The levels of n-Abs for the pain (β-endorphin) and analgesic (orphanin) systems are significant only at low PPS. Monitoring the individual profile of n-Abs to endogenous regulators allows us to obtain an objective picture of the pain status of the patient's body.