A Splenic Rupture Following a Singleton Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery: The First-Known Case Report in Saudi Arabia

A spontaneous rupture of the spleen during pregnancy or post-delivery is an exceptionally rare but potentially fatal maternal complication that poses a significant challenge in diagnosis and management. Herewith, we present a case of a 31-year-old female patient who experienced a spontaneous splenic rupture following a singleton vaginal delivery. Despite lacking any history of trauma or a predisposing factor, she developed symptoms of dizziness and postpartum abdominal pain, progressing rapidly to unconsciousness. Urgent abdominal ultrasound revealed significant intraperitoneal bleeding with a large peri-splenic hematoma, necessitating emergency exploratory laparotomy. Histopathological examination of a frozen section ruled out malignancy, and thus, a complete splenectomy was done, which confirmed the diagnosis of spontaneous splenic rupture. This case emphasizes the importance of close monitoring of all postpartum women, even those with low-risk pregnancies, for the early detection of any complication. Healthcare providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for rare but potentially life-threatening events to ensure timely intervention and optimal outcomes.