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Genotypic and phenotypic consequences of domestication in dogs
Sweetalana1, Shirin Nataneli2, Shengmiao Huang2
1Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 15, 2024
Summary
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) reveal genetic diversity links to dog traits like height and lifespan. Modern breeds show higher inbreeding due to historical breeding practices.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Animal Science
- Canine Genomics
Background:
- Runs of homozygosity (ROH) represent genomic regions inherited from a common ancestor.
- ROH can indicate inbreeding levels and their impact on genetic diversity.
- Understanding ROH is crucial for studying complex traits in domesticated animals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between ROH and non-disease phenotypes in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).
- To identify specific genes linked to quantitative traits influenced by ROH.
- To compare inbreeding patterns in modern versus ancient dog breeds.
Main Methods:
- Calculation of the ROH inbreeding coefficient (FROH).
- Association analysis between FROH and various phenotypic traits (height, weight, lifespan, etc.).
- Gene identification for quantitative traits after correcting for population structure.
Main Results:
- Significant associations found between FROH and multiple phenotypic traits, including height, weight, and lifespan.
- Over 45 genes identified as potentially influencing quantitative traits.
- Modern breeds exhibit higher inbreeding and longer ROH compared to ancient breeds, correlating with Victorian-era breeding.
Conclusions:
- ROH is a valuable tool for understanding genetic diversity and its impact on complex traits in dogs.
- Domestication and breed formation bottlenecks have significantly influenced canine genetic variation and phenotypes.
- Non-additive variation and polygenicity play key roles in shaping complex quantitative traits in dogs.
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