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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Illness01:18

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Stress prevention and management are crucial for maintaining well-being and building resilience. Techniques to manage stress include cultivating qualities like conscientiousness, a sense of personal control, and self-efficacy. Each of these traits significantly reduces stress and promotes healthier lifestyle choices and outcomes.
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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
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Cognitive flexibility is associated with sickness resilience.

T Vestberg1, A V Lebedev1, H B Jacobsen2

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Higher cognitive flexibility capacity, measured objectively, is linked to less sick leave. This finding suggests cognitive flexibility is a key predictor of health outcomes, even in diverse occupations and patient groups.

Keywords:
cognitive flexibilitydesign fluencyexecutive functionspsychological flexibilityresiliencesick leaveverbal fluency

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Occupational health
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • Psychological constructs like metacognitive beliefs link to health and executive functions.
  • Previous research theorized effects of cognitive flexibility on health, often using self-report measures.
  • Objective measurement of executive functions may offer stronger health outcome predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between objectively measured cognitive flexibility capacity and sick leave in a company setting.
  • To determine if cognitive flexibility is a significant predictor of employee absenteeism.

Main Methods:

  • 111 employees from diverse occupations assessed using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) test battery.
  • Cognitive flexibility capacity indexed by Design Fluency (DF) and Verbal Fluency (VF) (DFVF index).
  • Company sick leave data collected over 5 years; analyses adjusted for covariates.

Main Results:

  • A significant negative correlation found between the DFVF index and sick leave (rS(109) = -0.23, p = 0.015).
  • This association remained significant in employees with at least one sick day (rS(72) = -0.25, p = 0.03).
  • Results were robust after adjusting for sex, age, occupation, core executive functions, and ADHD/autistic traits; conceptually replicated in bipolar disorder patients.

Conclusions:

  • Objectively measured cognitive flexibility capacity is associated with reduced sick leave.
  • Cognitive flexibility is a potent, measurable predictor of health outcomes like absenteeism.
  • Findings support the role of executive functions in maintaining workplace health and reducing sick leave.