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Violent and prosocial music: Evidence for the impact of lyrics and musical tone on aggressive thoughts, feelings, and

Wayne A Warburton1, Simone Mohi1,2, Naomi Sweller1

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Violent song lyrics increase aggression and hostility, but effects on behavior depend on context. Aggressive music elements can also heighten arousal and negative emotions.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Media Effects
  • Music Psychology

Background:

  • Extensive research exists on visual media's psychological impacts.
  • Limited research has explored the effects of music, specifically lyrics and musical tone, on aggression and prosocial behavior.
  • Understanding which musical elements influence behavior is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychological impacts of violent and prosocial music.
  • To determine the influence of music lyrics and musical tone on aggressive and prosocial behavior.
  • To examine underlying psychological processes affected by music.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted using purpose-built songs to isolate effects.
  • Studies manipulated lyrical aggression (mild, overt, violent vs. neutral) and musical tone (aggressive vs. nonaggressive).
  • Measured behavioral aggression, prosocial behavior, internal states (hostility, cognitions, affect), and physiological arousal.

Main Results:

  • Any level of lyrical aggression increased behavioral aggression, which plateaued.
  • Violent lyrics consistently increased hostility/hostile cognitions and negatively impacted affect.
  • Aggressive musical tone increased physiological arousal and negative affect in some conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Violent lyrics reliably elicit hostile internal states, but behavioral aggression is context-dependent.
  • Music's impact on behavior is more likely when aggression triggers are present and a clear outlet exists.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand music's complex influence on human behavior and psychology.