The rates of non-adiabatic processes in large molecular systems: Toward an effective full-dimensional quantum...

Two computational approaches for computing the rates of internal conversions in molecular systems where a large set of nuclear degrees of freedom plays a role are discussed and compared. One approach is based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and allows us to include almost the whole set of vibrational coordinates, thanks to the employment of effective procedures for selecting those elements of the Hilbert space which play a significant role in dynamics. The other approach, based on the time-dependent perturbation theory and limited to the use of the harmonic approximation, allows us to include the whole Hilbert space spanned by the vibrational states of the system. The two approaches are applied to the photophysics of azulene, whose anti-Kasha behavior caused by anomalous internal conversion rates is well assessed. The calculated rates for the decays of the first two excited singlet states are in very good agreement with experimental data, indicating the reliability of both methodologies.