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Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Use of a Filter Cartridge for Filtration of Water Samples and Extraction of Environmental DNA

Use of a Filter Cartridge for Filtration of Water Samples and Extraction of Environmental DNA

Published on: November 25, 2016

Using low volume eDNA methods to sample pelagic marine animal assemblages.

Michelle E Dan¹, Elan J Portner¹, Jeff S Bowman¹

¹Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.

|May 15, 2024

Summary

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis of low-volume water samples effectively detects diverse marine life, including deep-sea species. This method offers higher biodiversity detection than traditional trawls, especially as reference libraries expand.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Use of a Filter Cartridge for Filtration of Water Samples and Extraction of Environmental DNA

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Published on: November 25, 2016

Small Volume 1-3L Filtration of Coastal Seawater Samples

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Simultaneous DNA-RNA Extraction from Coastal Sediments and Quantification of 16S rRNA Genes and Transcripts by Real-time PCR

Simultaneous DNA-RNA Extraction from Coastal Sediments and Quantification of 16S rRNA Genes and Transcripts by Real-time PCR

Published on: June 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Marine Biology
Molecular Ecology
Environmental Science

Background:

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful tool for marine biodiversity assessment.
Traditional sampling methods often require large water volumes, posing challenges for ship-based programs.
Limited research exists on eDNA performance in low-volume deep-sea samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of low-volume eDNA sampling for detecting pelagic marine animals.
To compare eDNA diversity with traditional pelagic trawl samples in the California Current.
To assess the impact of sampling depth on eDNA detection and taxonomic resolution.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 436 low-volume (380-1800 mL) eDNA seawater samples from 0-2200 m depth.
Utilized 12S rRNA and COI gene primers to quantify micronekton, fishes, and zooplankton.
Compared eDNA results with 27 concurrent pelagic trawl samples.

Main Results:

eDNA samples detected higher vertebrate and invertebrate diversity than trawl samples.
Assemblage composition differences were linked to size-selectivity and primer suitability.
Species-level identification of invertebrates decreased with sampling depth.
No significant variation in reads or ASVs between shallow and deep samples.

Conclusions:

Low-volume eDNA sampling is effective for quantifying marine animal assemblages, including deep-sea species.
eDNA offers broader taxonomic detection compared to traditional trawling methods.
Expanding reference libraries will enhance eDNA's utility for deep-sea invertebrate identification.