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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Biogeochemical cycles
  • Molecular ecology

Background:

  • Marine heterotrophic prokaryotes are crucial for recycling organic matter in the ocean.
  • Substrate uptake by prokaryotes is mediated by specific transporter proteins.
  • Understanding transporter diversity is key to deciphering microbial roles in marine ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the size-fractionated patterns of prokaryotic transporter expression in the oceanic water column.
  • To identify the taxonomic basis for variations in transporter expression.
  • To elucidate the role of different transporter types in substrate assimilation and microbial lifestyles.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-'omics' approach targeting ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and TonB-dependent transporters (TBDTs).
  • Analysis of transporter substrate specificity across different microbial taxa.
  • Correlation of transporter expression patterns with microbial lifestyles and ecological roles.

Main Results:

  • A size-fractionated pattern in prokaryotic transporter expression was observed, linked to taxonomic variations.
  • Free-living microbes (SAR11, Rhodobacterales, Oceanospirillales) primarily use ABC transporters for organic nitrogen.
  • Particle-associated microbes (Alteromonadales, Bacteroidetes, Sphingomonadales) utilize TBDTs for carbon-rich matter and metal chelates.
  • Transporter expression supports distinct lifestyles, particularly in deep-sea prokaryotes.

Conclusions:

  • Transporter divergency in organic matter assimilation signifies pronounced niche separation in marine prokaryotes.
  • Microbial community structure and substrate availability drive transporter expression patterns.
  • This study enhances our understanding of prokaryote-mediated organic matter cycling in marine environments.