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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

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Enhancing ecosystem productivity and stability with increasing canopy structural complexity in global forests.

Xiaoqiang Liu1,2,3, Yuhao Feng4, Tianyu Hu1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.

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Forest canopy structural complexity (CSC) is vital for ecosystem productivity and stability. This study maps global CSC, revealing its positive impact and the need to integrate it into forest management for climate change mitigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Forestry
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Forest canopy structural complexity (CSC) is critical for ecosystem functions, but its global distribution and drivers are poorly understood.
  • The relationship between CSC and forest ecosystem productivity and stability is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the global distribution of forest CSC.
  • To identify factors influencing forest CSC.
  • To clarify the relationship between CSC and forest ecosystem productivity and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized worldwide light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for global CSC mapping.
  • Analyzed relationships between CSC, biodiversity, and resource availability.
  • Compared CSC effects in managed versus intact forests.

Main Results:

  • Forest CSC is positively correlated with ecosystem productivity and stability globally.
  • Biodiversity and resource availability mediate the effects of CSC on ecosystem functions.
  • Managed forests exhibit lower CSC but show stronger CSC-driven enhancements in productivity and stability.

Conclusions:

  • Forest CSC is a key driver of ecosystem productivity and stability, influenced by biodiversity and resources.
  • Integrating CSC into forest management is crucial for effective climate change mitigation.
  • Managed forests require targeted strategies to enhance CSC for improved ecosystem services.