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Interannual changes in atmospheric oxidation over forests determined from space.

Joshua D Shutter1, Dylan B Millet1, Kelley C Wells1

  • 1Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

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Atmospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) variability is unclear. Satellite data reveal OH changes over forests due to emissions, stressors, and climate, impacting Earth's oxidation capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Climate Science
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary oxidant in Earth's troposphere, crucial for regulating atmospheric chemistry.
  • Understanding the temporal variability of OH is essential for predicting atmospheric composition changes.
  • Factors influencing OH concentrations, such as emissions and climate, are complex and interconnected.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal variability of hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations over temperate and tropical forests.
  • To attribute observed OH changes to emission trends, biotic stressors, and climate variations.
  • To project future changes in atmospheric oxidation capacity under evolving environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized satellite-based measurements of isoprene and formaldehyde from 2012-2020.
  • Analyzed coherent OH changes across different forest ecosystems.
  • Correlated OH variability with emission data, climate parameters, and biotic stress indicators.

Main Results:

  • Identified a multiyear decrease in OH over the Southeast United States.
  • Demonstrated that hotter, drier summers could reduce regional oxidation potential due to isoprene impacts.
  • Observed alternating high/low OH anomalies in tropical rainforests during El Niño events, driven by fire and biogenic emissions.

Conclusions:

  • Forest OH concentrations exhibit significant temporal variability influenced by emissions, climate, and biotic factors.
  • Future atmospheric oxidation potential is sensitive to changes in temperature, drought, and biogenic emissions.
  • El Niño events can cause complex, localized shifts in tropical atmospheric oxidation due to competing emission sources.