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Structural neuroimaging changes associated with subjective cognitive decline from a clinical sample.

Mario Riverol1, Mirla M Ríos-Rivera2, Laura Imaz-Aguayo3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Navarra, Spain.

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Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) show early brain atrophy in frontal and occipital lobes. Those progressing to Alzheimer's disease (AD) also exhibit medial temporal lobe atrophy, indicating potential early diagnosis through MRI.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseMagnetic resonance imagingRegion-of-interestSubjective cognitive declineVoxel-based morphometryWhite matter lesions

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves progressive cognitive decline.
  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) can precede AD.
  • Neuroimaging in SCD has yielded heterogeneous results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify morphological brain differences in individuals with SCD compared to controls.
  • To investigate baseline structural changes in SCD individuals who remained stable versus those who progressed.

Main Methods:

  • 309 SCD participants and 43 healthy controls (HCs) underwent baseline MRI.
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses assessed gray and white matter volume.
  • XTRACT ATLAS identified white matter tract damage.

Main Results:

  • SCD group showed gray matter atrophy in frontal and occipital lobes and decreased white matter volume in several tracts.
  • Progressing SCD (SCDp) individuals exhibited greater hippocampal atrophy than stable SCD (SCDnp) and HC groups.
  • No significant differences in white matter lesion burden were found between SCD and HC groups.

Conclusions:

  • SCD is associated with early atrophy in frontal and occipital lobes.
  • Medial temporal lobe atrophy at baseline is specific to individuals progressing from SCD.
  • Connected structural brain damage may underlie early memory decline in the AD continuum.