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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Protein Structure Analysis for Drug Development
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Rapid Structure Determination of Ranitidine Hydrochloride API in Two Crystal Forms Using Microcrystal Electron

Hidetomo Yokoo1, Yoshitaka Aoyama2, Takashi Matsumoto3

  • 1National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|May 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) rapidly determined the crystal structures of ranitidine hydrochloride, a key drug development step. This technique aids in quality control and analysis of challenging samples for drug discovery.

Keywords:
active pharmaceutical ingredientcrystal polymorphismmicrocrystal electron diffractionranitidine hydrochloride

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Pharmaceutical sciences

Background:

  • Solid-state properties are critical for selecting drug candidates.
  • Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) quality control relies on structural information, including crystal form and solvent content.
  • Traditional X-ray diffraction requires high-quality single crystals, limiting analysis of many drug candidates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) as a rapid method for determining API crystal structures.
  • To analyze the crystal forms of ranitidine hydrochloride using microED.
  • To demonstrate microED's utility in drug development and materials science.

Main Methods:

  • Microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) was employed.
  • Two crystal forms of ranitidine hydrochloride were analyzed.
  • Structures determined by microED were compared with existing X-ray diffraction data.

Main Results:

  • MicroED successfully and rapidly determined the crystal structures of two forms of ranitidine hydrochloride.
  • The microED-derived structures were consistent with previously obtained X-ray diffraction data.
  • The study confirmed microED's capability for analyzing small quantities and difficult-to-crystallize samples.

Conclusions:

  • Microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) is a powerful and rapid tool for structural analysis in drug development.
  • MicroED overcomes limitations of traditional crystallography for analyzing APIs.
  • This technique is valuable for quality control and materials science research involving crystalline compounds.