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Temporal multiplexing of perception and memory codes in IT cortex.

Liang She1, Marcus K Benna2,3, Yuelin Shi4

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA. liangshe@caltech.edu.

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|May 15, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term memory for familiar faces is encoded in the inferotemporal (IT) cortex using a distinct neural code. This memory-related code differs from the sensory perception code, suggesting separate representations within the same brain areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Long-term memories are assumed to be stored in the same brain regions that process sensory information.
  • Neurons in the inferotemporal (IT) cortex use a distributed axis code to represent visual object perception.
  • It remains unclear if and how the IT cortex represents long-term memories of visual objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the IT cortex encodes familiar faces in terms of long-term memory.
  • To compare the neural representations of familiar versus unfamiliar faces in specific IT face patches.

Main Methods:

  • Examined neural encoding of familiar faces in the anterior medial (AM), perirhinal (PR), and temporal pole (TP) face patches of the IT cortex.
  • Analyzed the encoding axis for familiar and unfamiliar faces at different latencies.
  • Investigated the role of the PR face patch by inactivating it and observing effects on AM face patch activity.

Main Results:

  • A rotated encoding axis for familiar faces compared to unfamiliar faces was observed in AM and PR face patches at long latencies.
  • This memory-related rotation was significantly weaker in the TP face patch.
  • The relative response magnitude to familiar versus unfamiliar faces was not a reliable indicator of familiarity.
  • Inactivation of the PR face patch did not alter the memory-related axis change dynamics in the AM face patch, suggesting intrinsic IT cortex mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Memories of familiar faces are represented in the AM and perirhinal cortex by a distinct long-latency neural code.
  • This distinct code explains how the same neuronal population can encode both the perception and memory of faces.
  • The findings challenge previous assumptions about memory representation and highlight the plasticity of neural codes within the IT cortex.