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Early adiposity rebound: predictors and outcomes.

Alessandra Li Pomi1,2, Giorgia Pepe3,4, Tommaso Aversa3,4

  • 1Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124, Messina, Italy. alessandra.lipomi92@gmail.com.

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Summary

Early adiposity rebound (AR), a rise in BMI before age five, is linked to later obesity. Factors like low birth weight, maternal BMI, and shorter breastfeeding increase risk, with girls more susceptible. Prevention strategies are crucial.

Keywords:
Adiposity reboundEarly adiposity reboundObesityObesity comorbiditiesSexual dimorfism

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Adiposity rebound (AR) signifies a critical phase in childhood body mass index (BMI) development.
  • Early AR (EAR), occurring before age five, is a significant predictor of future obesity and related health issues.
  • The intrauterine environment and early life factors play a crucial role in AR timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify prenatal and perinatal factors associated with an increased risk of EAR.
  • To explore the influence of gender on EAR timing.
  • To review the health outcomes of EAR in childhood and adulthood.
  • To outline potential preventive measures against premature AR.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on adiposity rebound.
  • It analyzes studies investigating prenatal and perinatal predictors of EAR.
  • It examines the long-term health consequences and preventive strategies for EAR.

Main Results:

  • Low birth weight and excessive gestational weight gain are identified as novel predictors of EAR.
  • Breastfeeding duration longer than four months is associated with a reduced risk of EAR.
  • Advanced maternal age, high maternal BMI, and being female increase the risk of EAR.
  • EAR is linked to adverse health outcomes in both childhood and adulthood.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal and perinatal factors significantly influence EAR timing, impacting long-term health.
  • Interventions targeting modifiable risk factors, such as maternal health and infant feeding practices, are essential for preventing EAR.
  • Understanding gender-specific risks and outcomes is vital for targeted public health strategies.