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How to decrease teenage pregnancy: rural perspectives in Ecuador.

Allpa Tituaña1, Keren Herrán2, Omar Galárraga3

  • 1Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud - Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.

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|May 16, 2024
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Summary

Teen pregnancy prevention programs are desired in Ecuador, but must be culturally relevant and engaging for adolescents. Key informants suggest programs need to adapt to local contexts to be effective in reducing adolescent pregnancies.

Keywords:
Ecuadorcommunity-based participatory researchevidence-informed interventionindigenous populationrural populationteenage pregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Teenage pregnancy presents significant sociocultural challenges in many communities globally.
  • Understanding local contexts is crucial for developing effective adolescent health interventions.
  • Ecuador's indigenous populations face unique considerations regarding adolescent reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the sociocultural context of teenage pregnancy in Cotacachi, Ecuador.
  • To assess the acceptability of a pregnancy prevention program for adolescents.
  • To gather insights on optimal program design from adolescents and adult key informants.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative data collected via online electronic survey (August-September 2020).
  • Survey included open- and closed-ended questions for adolescents (13-19 years) and adult key informants.
  • Data analyzed using structural and in vivo coding with an inductive approach.

Main Results:

  • Most adolescents (75%) perceive teen pregnancy as common; 41.7% do not associate it with ethnicity.
  • Adults (66.7%) believe teen pregnancy disproportionately affects indigenous teenagers.
  • Both groups (adolescents 45.8%, adults 80%) support comprehensive sexual education to reduce rates; adults cited past program failures due to lack of engagement and cultural insensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • A culturally adapted, engaging sexual health education program is desired and feasible in Cotacachi.
  • Adolescent and adult perspectives highlight the need for culturally sensitive and youth-focused program design.
  • Effective pregnancy prevention requires programs that actively engage youth and respect cultural contexts.