Congenital Disseminated Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Mimicking a Vascular Lesion

A congenital disseminated malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive pediatric cancer marked by the presence of malignant rhabdoid cells in various organs, including the brain, kidneys, and soft tissues, at birth. It is often detected prenatally or shortly post-birth. The malignancy's aggressiveness results in a bleak prognosis, offering limited treatment options and low survival rates. Early diagnosis and comprehensive medical intervention are crucial, but managing this condition is complicated by its rarity. We herein presented a case of a 37 and 1/7 week gestation male infant with a rapidly growing arm soft tissue mass within two weeks, diagnosed as an MRT. Post-delivery examinations revealed multiple lesions in the lungs, kidney, liver, and adrenal glands. Notably, chemotherapy yielded a significant improvement in the arm lesion, contrasting with other lesions showing a limited response. This observation suggests potential tumor heterogeneity, emphasizing the necessity of diverse therapeutic regimens. Our case underscores the complexities of congenital disseminated MRT, prompting a reevaluation of treatment strategies for enhanced efficacy in managing this challenging pediatric cancer.