Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy Learning Curve Regarding Pneumothorax Rate and Diagnostic Yield

Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB) has emerged as an innovative technique for diagnosing peripheral and central nodules, offering an improved diagnostic yield compared to conventional bronchoscopy with fewer complications. That being said, pneumothorax remains a frequent complication. This retrospective study conducted at Castle Hill Hospital, UK, analysed ENB procedures over four years to assess the diagnostic yield and pneumothorax rates, exploring learning curves and procedural improvements specifically focusing on the diagnostic yield and pneumothorax rate as markers of change. A total of 246 patients underwent 358 peripheral lung biopsies, revealing an overall diagnostic yield of 61.3%. The diagnostic yield increased from 58.2% in 2020-2021 to 66.0% in 2022-2023 while the pneumothorax rate decreased significantly from 9.8% to 3.4% (p = 0.021*). The majority of pneumothorax cases occurred following upper lobe procedures. The study depicts the importance of procedural experience in improving outcomes, suggesting a learning curve effect. Additionally, it emphasizes the potential for technological advancements, such as robotic assistance, to mitigate operator-dependent variability and improve reproducibility in ENB procedures. These findings contribute to optimizing diagnostic pathways for lung lesions and improving patient safety in ENB interventions.