Recent advances in in vitro and in vivo studies on Kappaphycus alvarezii and its derivatives

The marine red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA), commonly known as cottonii, is a valuable resource with diverse applications. Research has primarily focused on its primary metabolites such as amino acids, proteins, plant hormones etc. Additionally, KA also produces secondary metabolites under stress, some of which exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent in vitro and in vivo research on KA, delving into their therapeutic effects and potential pharmaceutical applications. The study followed a through literature survey in three databases. From the obtained literature, the studies fitting the criteria were reviewed. The study explores the underlying mechanisms behind the algae's diverse characteristics. The results show that KA is a valuable resource for potential therapeutic applications, but a deeper exploration of its various metabolites and rigorous research are necessary for a thorough understanding of its capabilities.