Molecular methods in cancer diagnostics: a short review

Area of Science:

• Oncology and Genetics
• Molecular Biology
• Precision Medicine

Background:

• Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally.
• Molecular methods are increasingly vital in cancer research and treatment.
• A comprehensive summary of molecular methods in cancer is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and summarize evidence on molecular methods for cancer-related disorders.
• To guide clinical practice and future research in cancer genetics.
• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of molecular diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search across databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, WoS, Scopus).
• Inclusion of studies on cancer genetics, hereditary cancer, risk assessment, diagnostic tools, screening, biomarkers, and molecular diagnostics.
• Exclusion of studies not involving genetic or molecular diagnostics.

Main Results:

• Molecular methods have transformed cancer genetics by enabling identification of key genetic alterations.
• These insights pinpoint oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets.
• This facilitates precision medicine approaches to improve patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Molecular methods are revolutionizing oncology, providing tools to understand cancer's complexity at the genetic level.
• These techniques enhance understanding of cancer etiology, progression, and treatment response.
• They open new avenues for personalized medicine and targeted therapies, improving patient outcomes.