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Interferon is effective in hairy-cell leukaemia.

C P Worman, D Catovsky, P C Bevan

    British Journal of Haematology
    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human lymphoblastoid interferon effectively treats hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) by clearing abnormal cells and improving blood counts. Maintenance therapy may be needed as hairy cells can return after stopping interferon treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Immunology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare B-cell malignancy often presenting with peripheral cytopenias.
    • Splenectomy is a common treatment, but alternatives are sought, especially for patients with splenomegaly or post-splenectomy cytopenias.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) in patients with HCL and peripheral cytopenias.
    • To assess interferon's impact on haematological parameters, spleen size, and hairy cell infiltration.

    Main Methods:

    • Seventeen HCL patients received intramuscular interferon (3 MU daily or 6 MU alternate days) for 4-24 weeks.
    • Patients included those post-splenectomy, with no palpable spleen, or with splenomegaly.
    • Immunological surface markers were used to track B-cell populations.

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    Main Results:

    • All patients achieved clearance of hairy cells from blood; platelet and Hb levels improved within 2-14 weeks.
    • Neutrophil counts improved in 14/17 patients; spleens became impalpable in two splenomegaly patients.
    • Hairy cell infiltration in marrow reduced; B-cell populations normalized. Minor toxicities observed, except one somnolence syndrome case.

    Conclusions:

    • Interferon is effective for HCL patients with post-splenectomy cytopenias or without splenomegaly.
    • It serves as effective first-line therapy for splenomegaly, though its role versus splenectomy requires further study.
    • Maintenance or re-treatment may be necessary due to potential hairy cell recurrence.