Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.7K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.7K
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

3.6K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
3.6K
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

6.3K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
6.3K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.4K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

10.6K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.6K
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

4.6K
Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inhibition of the inflammasome ameliorates orthologous polycystic kidney disease.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

FACT depletion demonstrates a role for nucleosome organization in TAD formation.

Molecular systems biology·2025
Same author

IWS1 positions downstream DNA to globally stimulate Pol II elongation.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Targeting GLP-1 Signaling Ameliorates Cystogenesis in a Zebrafish Model of Nephronophthisis.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Structure of a transcribing Pol II-DSIF-SPT6-U1 snRNP complex.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

The Gut Microbiome in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Kidney360·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

15.3K

Nuclear export is a limiting factor in eukaryotic mRNA metabolism.

Jason M Müller1,2, Katharina Moos2,3, Till Baar2

  • 1Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Plos Computational Biology
|May 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

mRNA molecules spend most of their life in the nucleus due to slow nuclear export and rapid cytosolic degradation. This study quantifies mRNA metabolism, revealing nuclear export as a key regulatory step.

More Related Videos

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
14:44

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

Published on: March 14, 2014

12.9K
Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
10:24

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 17, 2012

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

15.3K
Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
14:44

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

Published on: March 14, 2014

12.9K
Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
10:24

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 17, 2012

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The eukaryotic mRNA life cycle involves intricate processes including transcription, nuclear export, and degradation.
  • Understanding the kinetics of these mRNA metabolism steps is crucial for gene regulation insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simultaneously quantify mRNA synthesis, nuclear export, and degradation rates genome-wide in human cancer cells.
  • To elucidate the role of nuclear export as a rate-limiting step in mRNA metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Metabolic RNA labeling with 4-thiouridine (4sU) followed by thiol-linked alkylation and sequencing (SLAM-seq).
  • Development of a computational model to analyze SLAM-seq data for quantifying mRNA-specific rates.
  • Separation of nuclear and cytosolic RNA compartments for compartment-specific analysis.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear degradation of polyadenylated mRNA is minimal, while cytosolic degradation is rapid.
  • Nuclear mRNA export is a slow process, leading to mRNAs spending most of their lifespan in the nucleus.
  • Significant variations in nuclear export rates were observed among different 3'UTR transcript isoforms.
  • Identification of specific genes with rapidly exported transcripts upon metabolic labeling, suggesting alternative export pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear mRNA export is a critical bottleneck in mRNA metabolism and gene expression regulation.
  • The kinetics of mRNA processing and transport significantly influence gene output.
  • Distinct transcript isoforms and specific gene sets may utilize alternative mRNA export mechanisms.