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Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Cell-Lineage Guided Mass Spectrometry Proteomics in the Developing Frog Embryo

Cell-Lineage Guided Mass Spectrometry Proteomics in the Developing Frog Embryo

Published on: April 21, 2022

Deciphering lineage specification during early embryogenesis in mouse gastruloids using multilayered proteomics.

Suzan Stelloo¹, Maria Teresa Alejo-Vinogradova¹, Charlotte A G H van Gelder²

¹Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

|May 16, 2024

Summary

This study reveals dynamic protein expression during embryonic germ layer formation using gastruloids. It identifies key factors like ZEB2 crucial for somitogenesis in mammals.

Keywords:

ZEB2 dTAG system developmental biology enhancers gastruloids germ layers interaction proteomics proteomics somitoids transcription factors

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Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression to Study Lineage Specification in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression to Study Lineage Specification in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos

Published on: February 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Proteomics
Systems Biology

Background:

Gastrulation establishes germ layers, crucial for embryonic development.
Gene regulatory programs are known, but proteome-level data in early mammalian development is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate global protein expression dynamics during gastruloid differentiation.
To identify key regulators of germ layer development and somitogenesis.

Main Methods:

Multilayered mass spectrometry-based proteomics of gastruloids.
Single-cell proteomics validation.
P300 proximity labeling for enhancer interactions.
Degron-based perturbations with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Main Results:

Identified proteins with temporal expression and unique profiles for each germ layer.
Discovered gastruloid-specific transcription factors and chromatin remodelers.
Demonstrated ZEB2's critical role in mouse and human somitogenesis.

Conclusions:

Provides a comprehensive proteomic resource for understanding mammalian embryogenesis.
Highlights the utility of gastruloids for studying early development.
Identifies ZEB2 as a key regulator in somitogenesis.