Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

Base-pairing and DNA Repair

Base-pairing and DNA Repair

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

Homologous Recombination

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Contour and dosimetric evaluation of an in-room mobile CBCT scanner for cylinder based brachytherapy.

Brachytherapy·2026

Same author

DNA decompaction enhances the formation of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks and chromosome aberrations.

Life sciences in space research·2026

Same author

Radiation-Induced Alopecia in Patients Undergoing Intracranial Radiation Therapy: A Systematic Review.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026

Same author

Evaluation of image quality in mobile cone-beam CT with dose modulation using automatic exposure control: A phantom study.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2025

Same author

A semiclassical model of the immediate temperature distribution surrounding the track of heavy ions with therapeutic energies.

Physics in medicine and biology·2025

Same author

Validated space radiation exposure predictions from earth to mars during Artemis-I.

NPJ microgravity·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Modelling DNA damage-repair and beyond.

Hooshang Nikjoo¹, Shirin Rahmanian², Reza Taleei³

¹Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (DPAG), Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology

|May 16, 2024

Summary

This study reviews DNA damage and repair mechanisms, proposing that DNA deletions arise from repairing double-strand breaks. This genomic modification is crucial for inheritance and disease development.

More Related Videos

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Computational Biology

Background:

DNA damage and repair are fundamental processes in mammalian cells.
Genomic alterations, such as DNA deletions, can arise from errors during DNA repair.
Understanding these mechanisms is vital for comprehending genetic inheritance and disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review mechanistic modeling studies of DNA damage and repair.
To investigate the formation mechanisms of naturally occurring DNA deletions in the human genome.
To explore the link between induced DNA double-strand breaks and deletions in damaged genomes.

Main Methods:

Review of mechanistic modeling studies.
Development of a cell nucleus model for simulating DNA damage at the molecular level.
Mechanistic modeling of DNA repair for double-strand breaks (DSB), single-strand breaks (SSB), and base damage (BD).

Main Results:

The cell nucleus model simulates DNA damage across chromosomal territories.
Mechanistic modeling reveals DNA damage complexity contributes to longer, biphasic repair times.
The model predicts in vivo rate constants for DNA repair proteins in the absence of experimental data.

Conclusions:

DNA deletions are hypothesized to result from the repair of double-strand breaks.
These deletions play a critical role in long-term genetic inheritance and disease.
Mechanistic modeling provides insights into DNA repair kinetics and damage spectrum.