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Related Concept Videos

Cholinergic Neurons: Neurotransmission01:23

Cholinergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

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Cholinergic neurotransmission involves the synthesis and the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in order to transmit nerve impulses across the synapse. The process begins with the synthesis of acetyl CoA, a precursor for ACh, from ATP, acetate, and coenzyme A in the mitochondria. Choline, another vital precursor, is transported inside the neuron through choline transporters, including high-affinity choline transporter CHT1, low-affinity choline transporter CTL1, and lower-affinity choline...
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Related Experiment Video

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Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains
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Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Have Specific Characteristics during the Perinatal Period.

Natalia Lozovaya1, Anice Moumen2, Constance Hammond3

  • 1B&A Therapeutics, Marseille 13009, France lozovaya@ba-oncomedical.fr.

Eneuro
|May 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cholinergic neurons in the brainstem mature early, showing distinct functional properties in the first postnatal week. These early-firing neurons, along with later-developing ones, influence cortical development.

Keywords:
basal forebraincholinergic neuronsearly-firinglate-firingnucleus basalis Meynertsubstantia innominata

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cellular Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain innervate the neocortex, modulating attention, memory, and arousal in adults.
  • These neurons are critical for cortical development, influencing neuronal maturation and cytoarchitecture in early life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphological and electrophysiological maturation of cholinergic neurons in the substantia innominata-nucleus basalis of Meynert (SI/NBM) complex during the perinatal period in mice.
  • To understand the functional characteristics of these developing neurons and their potential role in cortical development.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in mice from embryonic day 18 to the second postnatal week.
  • Morphological analysis of neuronal structure.
  • Investigation of neuronal responses to depolarization and neurotransmitter receptor activation (GABAergic and glutamatergic).

Main Results:

  • Cholinergic SI/NBM neurons are functional by embryonic day 18.
  • Until the end of the first postnatal week, a single population of early-firing neurons with developed dendritic trees and spontaneous activity exists.
  • During the second postnatal week, a second, less excitable, late-firing neuronal population emerges, alongside hyperpolarizing GABAA receptor currents.
  • The classification into early-firing (40%) and late-firing (60%) neurons is independent of GABA coexpression.

Conclusions:

  • Developing SI/NBM cholinergic neurons exhibit distinct electrophysiological properties during the first postnatal week, characterized by early-firing activity.
  • These mature properties suggest a role in the spontaneous release of acetylcholine (ACh) or ACh and GABA into the developing cortex.
  • The emergence of a second neuronal population in the second postnatal week indicates a progressive maturation of the SI/NBM cholinergic system.