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Paediatrics congenital heart disease is associated with plasma miRNAs

Nadia González-Moyotl1,2, Claudia Huesca-Gómez1, Yazmín Estela Torres-Paz1

  • 1Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Department of Physiology, México City, 14380, México.

Pediatric Research
|May 16, 2024
PubMed

Insights

microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in congenital heart disease (CHD) development. Specific miRNA expression levels, particularly miR-21-5p, differ in children with CHD and may indicate disease severity, offering potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric cardiology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents the most prevalent birth malformations, ranging in severity from mild to complex cyanotic forms requiring surgical intervention.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in cardiac development, and their dysregulation is associated with various CHD phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the differential expression of specific miRNAs in pediatric patients with CHD compared to healthy controls.
  • To investigate the correlation between miRNA expression levels and clinical characteristics in children with cyanotic and non-cyanotic CHD.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to analyze the expression of five key miRNAs: miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-144-3p.
  • Expression data were correlated with clinical data from pediatric patients and their mothers.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in the expression levels of miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-26a-5p were observed between children with CHD and the control group.
  • miR-21-5p expression was notably higher in children with cyanotic CHD compared to those with non-cyanotic CHD.

Conclusions:

  • Altered miRNA expression in pediatric patients with CHD may contribute to the development and phenotypic presentation of cardiac malformations.
  • Elevated miR-21-5p levels in cyanotic CHD suggest a potential role in disease severity and could serve as a biomarker for differentiating cyanotic from non-cyanotic forms.
  • These findings highlight the potential of studied miRNAs as future clinical biomarkers for congenital heart disease in children.
Abstract

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