Circadian rhythm of cutaneous pruritus

One of the most common and significant symptoms for skin disorders is pruritus. Additionally, it serves as a significant catalyst for the exacerbation or reoccurrence of skin diseases. Pruritus seriously affects patients' physical and mental health, and even the quality of life. It brings a heavy burden to the patients, the families, even the whole society. The pathogenesis and regulation mechanisms for pruritus are complicated and have not yet been elucidated. Previous clinical studies have shown that itch worsens at night in scabies, chronic pruritus, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis, suggesting that skin pruritus may change with circadian rhythm. Cortisol, melatonin, core temperature, cytokines, and prostaglandins are the main regulatory factors of the circadian rhythm of pruritus. Recent studies have shown that some CLOCK genes, such as BMAL1, CLOCK, PER, and CRY, play an important role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of pruritus by regulating the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms for circadian clock genes in regulation of circadian rhythm of pruritus have not been fully elucidated. Further studies on the mechanism of circadian clock genes in the regulation of circadian rhythm of pruritus will lay a foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms for pruritus, and also provide new ideas for the control of pruritus and the alleviation of skin diseases.