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Smart Multifunctional Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics: Progress and Prospect
Dipanjan Karati1, Swarupananda Mukherjee2, Ayon Dutta3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India.
Background:
Worldwide, cancer is the second most common cause of death. Chemotherapy and other traditional cancer treatments have toxicities that affect normal cells in addition to their intended targets, necessitating the development of novel approaches to enhance cell-specific targeting.
Methods:
The present work summarizes the scientific information on nanoparticles in cancer theranostics to provide a comprehensive insight into the preventive and therapeutic potential of nanoparticles in cancer. Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases are searched to collect all the recent (2015-2023) scientific information on smart multifunctional nanoparticles using the terms nanotechnology, cancer theranostics, and polymer.
Results:
The use of nanomaterials as chemical biology tools in cancer theranostics has been thoroughly investigated. They demonstrate expanded uses in terms of stability, biocompatibility, and enhanced cell permeability, enabling precision targeting and ameliorating the drawbacks of conventional cancer treatments. The nano platform presents a fascinating chance to acquire multifunctionality and targeting techniques. The production of smart nanomaterials, specifically with regard to the advent of nanotechnology, has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The capability of nanoparticles to functionalize with a variety of biosubstrates, including aptamers, antibodies, DNA, and RNA, and their broad surface area allow them to encapsulate a huge number of molecules, contributing to their theranostic effect. Comparatively speaking, economical, easily produced, and less toxic nanomaterials formed from biological sources are thought to have benefits over those made using conventional processes.
Conclusion:
The present study highlights the uses of several nanoparticles (NPs), and describes numerous cancer theranostics methodologies. The benefits and difficulties preventing their adoption in cancer treatment and diagnostic applications are also critically reviewed. The use of smart nanomaterials, according to this review's findings, can considerably advance cancer theranostics and open up new avenues for tumor detection and treatment.
Insights
Smart nanomaterials offer advanced cancer theranostics, improving tumor detection and treatment by enhancing cell-specific targeting. These nanoparticles overcome conventional therapy limitations, paving the way for precision medicine in oncology.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology and Materials Science
- Oncology and Cancer Research
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality.
- Conventional cancer treatments like chemotherapy exhibit toxicities impacting healthy cells.
- Novel strategies for enhanced cell-specific targeting are crucial for improved cancer care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the scientific literature on nanoparticles in cancer theranostics.
- To provide insights into the preventive and therapeutic potential of nanoparticles.
- To explore smart multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer applications.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar (2015-2023).
- Keywords used: nanotechnology, cancer theranostics, polymer, smart multifunctional nanoparticles.
- Synthesis of existing research on nanoparticle applications in oncology.
Main Results:
- Nanomaterials serve as effective chemical biology tools for cancer theranostics.
- Nanoparticles offer enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and cell permeability for precision targeting.
- Smart nanomaterials, enabled by nanotechnology, revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment, with bio-based options showing promise.
Conclusions:
- Nanoparticles (NPs) offer diverse cancer theranostic methodologies.
- Smart nanomaterials significantly advance tumor detection and treatment strategies.
- Addressing challenges in adoption can unlock the full potential of NPs in clinical oncology.
