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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

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Published on: August 12, 2019

A speech fluency brain network derived from gliomas.

Cechen Sun¹, Jie Zhang^2,3,4,5,6, Linghao Bu^2,3,4,5,6

¹Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health & National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.

Brain Communications

|May 17, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study mapped the brain network supporting speech fluency in patients with low-grade glioma. Damage to specific brain regions and white matter pathways significantly impacts speech fluency, revealing key areas for surgical consideration.

Keywords:

language network low-grade glioma speech fluency

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurosurgery
Speech Pathology

Background:

The neural network underlying speech fluency remains incompletely understood, particularly in large, homogenous patient cohorts.
Previous research has not comprehensively investigated the brain's speech fluency network using multimodal imaging.
Understanding this network is crucial for preserving language function during neurosurgical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore and map the brain network essential for speech fluency.
To identify specific brain regions and white matter tracts associated with speech fluency deficits.
To investigate the connectivity patterns supporting fluent speech production.

Main Methods:

Analysis of multimodal imaging data from 115 patients with low-grade glioma.
Application of voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) to correlate brain damage with fluency.
Intra-operative validation of critical regions using direct cortical stimulation and connectivity-behavior analysis.

Main Results:

VLSM identified damage to the middle frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and insula as significantly associated with reduced speech fluency.
Impairment of white matter pathways including the corticospinal fasciculus, internal capsule, arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and frontal aslant tract correlated with speech deficits.
Connectivity analysis revealed significant correlations between specific neural connections and speech fluency, highlighting interactions between domain-specific and domain-general regions.

Conclusions:

The study successfully mapped the brain network supporting speech fluency, involving both critical gray matter regions and white matter tracts.
Findings demonstrate the collective role of interconnected brain regions, including frontal, temporal, and parietal areas, in maintaining fluent speech.
This detailed network map provides a vital resource for neurosurgeons to minimize language dysfunction during glioma surgery.