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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

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The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project
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Case Report: Virtual natural environment solution helped a child cope with a painful procedure
Elina Karppa1,2,3, Kaija Puura1,2, Ilmari Jyskä4
1Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Frontiers in Pediatrics
|May 17, 2024
Summary
Virtual reality (VR) relaxation effectively reduced needle phobia in a pediatric patient. This novel approach, using a virtual natural environment and guided relaxation, shows promise for managing procedural anxiety in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Psychology
- Medical Technology
- Autonomic Nervous System Research
Background:
- Needle phobia significantly impacts children's medical compliance and well-being.
- Virtual reality (VR) shows potential for patient distraction during painful procedures.
- Further research is needed on VR's effects on the autonomic nervous system.

