Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan
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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
Published on: May 4, 2022
Jun-Ying Chen1,2,3, Han Yang1,3, Xiao-Dan Lin1,2,3
1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) shows high specificity for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary nodules (PPNs) under 2 cm. However, diagnostic accuracy decreases for nodules smaller than 1 cm and those with a spiculated sign.
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