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Related Concept Videos

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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Host-microbiota interaction in intestinal stem cell homeostasis.

Haiqin Wu1,2, Chunlong Mu3, Laipeng Xu1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Gut Microbes
|May 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) renewal relies on gut microbiota interactions. Diet and microbial metabolites critically influence ISC fate and gut health, guiding new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
Intestinal stem cellsdietary nutrientsgut homeostasisimmune homeostasisintestinal organoidmetabolic interactionmicrobiomemicronutrients

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Microbiology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are crucial for maintaining the intestinal epithelium through regulated proliferation and differentiation.
  • The gut microbiota profoundly influences ISC function via immune and metabolic signaling pathways.
  • Dietary nutrients interact with the host and microbiota, impacting ISC homeostasis and overall gut health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interplay between host-microbiota interactions and intestinal stem cell function.
  • To elucidate the roles of immune and metabolic signaling in shaping ISC fate.
  • To explore how dietary nutrients, modulated by the microbiota, affect ISCs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in host-microbiota-ISC interactions.
  • Analysis of the impact of microbial metabolites (e.g., lactate, indole derivatives) on ISCs.
  • Examination of the microbiota's role in nutrient metabolism (proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals) and its effect on ISCs.

Main Results:

  • Host-microbiota interactions, involving pattern-recognition receptors and microbial metabolites, are key regulators of ISC function.
  • Microbiota-mediated metabolism of dietary components (proteins, carbs, vitamins, minerals like iron and zinc) significantly influences ISC behavior.
  • A complex network of immune and metabolic crosstalk dictates ISC homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifaceted mechanisms of host-microbiota interactions is vital for maintaining ISC homeostasis.
  • Dietary and microbiota-based interventions hold promise for improving gut health by targeting ISC regulation.
  • Further research into these intricate interactions can lead to novel therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal disorders.