Probing the Surface Layer Modulation on Archaeal Mechanics and Adhesion at the Single-Cell Level

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Biophysics
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Archaeal cells possess a unique surface layer (S-layer) with poorly understood functions.
• Understanding S-layer roles is critical for archaeal cell mechanics and adhesion.
• Methanogenic archaea are key players in anaerobic digestion and methane production.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the role of the S-layer in methanogenic archaea.
• To quantify the impact of S-layer disruption on cell morphology, mechanical properties, and adhesion.
• To elucidate the chemical basis of archaeal cell surface interactions.

Main Methods:

• Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to visualize cell morphology.
• Single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) was used to measure mechanical properties and adhesion.
• S-layer disruption was induced to assess its effects.

Main Results:

• S-layer removal caused significant cell enlargement and deformation, compromising morphology.
• Disruption of the S-layer substantially decreased cell surface mechanical stability (Young's modulus).
• S-layer facilitates hydrophobic interactions, crucial for cell-cell and cell-bubble adhesion, which were reduced upon removal.

Conclusions:

• The S-layer is essential for maintaining methanogen cell architecture and mechanical resilience.
• S-layer removal significantly impacts archaeal cell adhesion through hydrophobic interactions.
• Findings offer insights for optimizing methane production in biotechnological applications by understanding archaeal cell surfaces.