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    Summary

    This study introduces an automated method for adjusting ultrasound acoustic output, ensuring safety by targeting a specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold. This adaptive approach aims for consistent, low-level mechanical index (MI) usage during fetal imaging.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Ultrasound Technology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Ultrasound acoustic output adjustment is inconsistently applied by sonographers, despite safety recommendations.
    • Current practices do not always adhere to as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principles for ultrasound safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a novel, automated method for adaptive acoustic output adjustment in ultrasound.
    • To guide mechanical index (MI) output based on temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to ensure safety and image quality.

    Main Methods:

    • An adaptive algorithm was developed to adjust mechanical index (MI) based on a target temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 28 dB.
    • The method was implemented on a clinical ultrasound system and tested in vivo on 11 volunteers during fetal abdomen imaging.
    • Performance was evaluated under stationary and dynamic scanning conditions, assessing the MI required and SNR maintenance.

    Main Results:

    • The average MI required for a 28-dB SNR ranged from 0.17 to 0.26, increasing with higher imaging frequencies.
    • Target SNR levels were maintained in 90% of evaluations for stationary views and 71% for dynamic scanning.
    • The system successfully adapted MI output in response to changing imaging conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Automated, temporal SNR-guided adaptive acoustic output adjustment is feasible and effective for in vivo fetal imaging.
    • This approach promotes consistent adherence to ALARA principles by maintaining optimal image quality at low mechanical index (MI) levels.
    • The findings support the adoption of adaptive acoustic output strategies for enhanced ultrasound safety and image consistency.