Surfactant administration methods for premature newborns: LISA vs. INSURE comparative analysis

Area of Science:

• Neonatal Medicine
• Pediatric Pulmonology
• Critical Care

Background:

• Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a primary respiratory issue in premature infants.
• Surfactant therapy significantly improves respiratory outcomes and survival rates.
• Two common surfactant delivery methods are Intubate-Surfactant-Extubate (INSURE) and Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA).

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the treatment outcomes of surfactant administration via LISA versus INSURE in premature newborns with RDS.
• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of LISA compared to INSURE.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective cohort study of 100 premature infants with RDS and spontaneous breathing.
• Infants were divided into two groups: 50 receiving LISA and 50 receiving INSURE.
• Key outcomes assessed included need for mechanical ventilation, ventilation duration, pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, retinopathy, CPAP duration, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Main Results:

• The LISA group showed significantly lower rates of mechanical ventilation need (P=.003) and shorter ventilation duration (P<.001) compared to the INSURE group.
• No significant differences were observed between groups for pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, severe retinopathy, CPAP duration, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Conclusions:

• Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) is a safe and effective non-invasive method for surfactant delivery.
• LISA demonstrates superior outcomes by reducing the need for and duration of mechanical ventilation in premature infants with RDS compared to INSURE.