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Out-of-Equilibrium Fluctuation-Dissipation Bounds.

Ludovico Tesser1, Janine Splettstoesser1

  • 1Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.

Physical Review Letters
|May 17, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We derived a new inequality for charge current and fluctuations in electronic conductors, extending beyond standard fluctuation-dissipation relations. This bound offers insights into heat engines by linking output power to power fluctuations.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Established fluctuation-dissipation relations govern systems in equilibrium.
  • Out-of-equilibrium systems present unique thermodynamic challenges.
  • Quantum effects can invalidate classical thermodynamic relations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a general inequality between charge current and its fluctuations.
  • To extend fluctuation-dissipation relations to non-equilibrium conditions.
  • To provide new constraints for quantum heat engines.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of weakly interacting coherent electronic conductors.
  • Derivation of a novel fluctuation-dissipation bound.
  • Investigation under stationary out-of-equilibrium conditions.

Main Results:

  • A general inequality relating charge current and fluctuations is proven.
  • The bound saturates at large temperature bias, offering insights for heat engines.
  • The inequality holds where thermodynamic uncertainty relations fail due to quantum effects.

Conclusions:

  • The new bound provides stronger constraints near thermovoltage.
  • It offers a more comprehensive understanding of energy conversion in quantum systems.
  • This work advances the study of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in electronic conductors.