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The direction in which the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop can be found through the negative sign. However, it is usually easier to determine this direction with Lenz's law, named in honor of its discoverer, Heinrich Lenz (1804–1865). Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop always to oppose the change in magnetic flux that causes the emf.
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Faraday's law state that the induced emf is the negative change in the magnetic flux per unit of time. Any change in the magnetic field or change in the orientation of the area of the coil with respect to the magnetic field induces a voltage (emf). The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines through a given surface area. Magnetic flux is estimated from the integral of the dot product of the magnetic field vector and the area vector. The negative sign describes the...
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Application of Voltage in Dynamic Light Scattering Particle Size Analysis
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Active Darcy's Law.

Ryan R Keogh1, Timofey Kozhukhov1, Kristian Thijssen2

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|May 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Driving active bacterial fluids through porous media enhances flow, defying zero-flux active flows. An optimal bacterial activity maximizes this enhanced flow, described by a new active Darcy

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Bacterial swarms exhibit active turbulence in open spaces.
  • Naturally, bacteria inhabit crowded environments, including porous media.
  • Understanding fluid dynamics in such complex environments is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the impact of driving active fluids through porous media.
  • To develop an enhanced Darcy's law for active fluid transport.
  • To identify optimal conditions for enhanced flow in porous media.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of active fluid dynamics in porous media.
  • Analysis of flow behavior under combined active and pressure-driven forces.
  • Incorporation of active contributions into Darcy's law.

Main Results:

  • Driving disorderly active fluids through porous media enhances Darcy's law.
  • Hybrid active/driven flows show greater drift than purely pressure-driven flows.
  • Flow enhancement is nonmonotonic with activity, revealing an optimal activity level.

Conclusions:

  • Active fluid transport in porous media can be enhanced beyond pressure-driven flow.
  • An active Darcy's law is proposed to model this anomalous transport.
  • Optimal bacterial activity can maximize flow rates in crowded environments.