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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
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Prevalence and Magnitude of Olfactory Dysfunction in Allergic Rhinitis.

Marco A Fornazieri1,2,3,4, Ellen C D Garcia1, Ricardo H Montero1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
|May 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) significantly increases olfactory dysfunction prevalence. While AR impacts smell, it doesn't reliably differentiate symptom severity or allergen types, suggesting potential OE changes needing more study.

Keywords:
allergensdisease severityeosinophilsmicrosmiaolfactionolfactory dysfunctionolfactory epitheliumprevalencerhinitissmell perception

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Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergology
  • Olfactory Research

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) is known to affect smell, but prevalence and impact severity remain unclear.
  • Existing studies show varied prevalence estimates for olfactory dysfunction in AR patients.
  • Understanding the link between AR and olfactory impairment is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify olfactory dysfunction prevalence in AR patients.
  • To assess if olfactory testing can distinguish AR severity or ARIA classifications.
  • To investigate allergen-specific impacts on olfaction and OE changes.

Main Methods:

  • Compared olfactory function (UPSIT® scores) in 133 AR patients and 100 controls.
  • Examined olfactory epithelium (OE) using immunofluorescence for cellular markers.
  • Analyzed markers for neuronal activity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Main Results:

  • AR patients exhibited significantly higher olfactory dysfunction rates (42.9%) than controls (9%).
  • No significant differences in olfactory capacity were found based on AR persistence, severity, or allergen type.
  • Trends indicated increased eosinophilia and decreased cAMP in AR patients' OE, though not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is more prevalent in AR patients, but testing may not differentiate AR severity or specific allergen sensitivities.
  • Emerging evidence suggests possible pathophysiological alterations in the OE of AR patients.
  • Further investigation is required to confirm OE changes and their clinical implications in AR.