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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
422
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

338
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
338
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
287
Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

3.5K
Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
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Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

504
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions
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Sustained-release drug delivery systems.

Rachel Williams1, Helen Cauldbeck2, Victoria Kearns3

  • 1Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK. rlw@liverpool.ac.uk.

Eye (London, England)
|May 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New drug delivery systems for the eye, including peptide hydrogel contact lenses and silicone oil formulations, offer sustained release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to improve treatment outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2025

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Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Topical eye drops have limitations in drug delivery, necessitating sustained-release systems.
  • Developing novel materials with specific functional properties is key to improving ocular drug administration.
  • Clinical needs must be integrated with material science and chemistry for enhanced therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore material design and modification for sustained therapeutic effects in ocular treatments.
  • To present two distinct approaches for developing advanced drug delivery systems for the eye.
  • To highlight the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration in ophthalmology.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a peptide hydrogel from a naturally-derived antimicrobial material.
  • Development of a bandage contact lens incorporating the peptide hydrogel.
  • Investigation of silicone oil tamponade agents for enhanced drug solubility and sustained release.

Main Results:

  • A peptide hydrogel bandage contact lens was designed for potential prophylactic use against post-surgery infections.
  • Silicone oil tamponades demonstrated adjunctive behavior, enhancing retinoic acid solubility.
  • Sustained release of retinoic acid over several weeks was achieved using silicone oil formulations.

Conclusions:

  • Interdisciplinary partnerships between ophthalmologists, materials scientists, and chemists are crucial for innovation.
  • Novel sustained-release systems show promise for improving patient outcomes in ocular treatments.
  • Peptide hydrogels and modified silicone oils represent promising avenues for advanced ocular drug delivery.