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Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

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Perinatal stress modulates glutamatergic functional connectivity: A post-synaptic density immediate early gene-based

Licia Vellucci¹, Giuseppe De Simone², Sara Morley-Fletcher³

¹Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

|May 18, 2024

Summary

Early life stress alters brain connectivity in male rats by reducing Homer1 expression and disrupting networks in regions critical for behavior. This suggests a link between perinatal stress and neurodevelopmental disorder models.

Keywords:

Early life stress Functional connectivity Homer1a Neurodevelopmental disorders Post synaptic density

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Early life stress is a known risk factor for behavioral disorders.
Synaptic changes in specific brain regions are implicated in these disorders.
Glutamatergic pathways play a crucial role in neural circuit function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of perinatal stress on glutamatergic functional connectivity.
To analyze Homer1 gene expression and its network associations in male rat offspring.
To identify specific brain regions and circuits affected by early life stress.

Main Methods:

Perinatal stress exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats.
In situ hybridization to evaluate Homer1 expression across 88 brain regions.
Statistical analysis (Student's t-test, Bonferroni correction) and network analysis (Spearman's correlations, RStudio, Cytoscape).

Main Results:

Perinatal stress reduced Homer1a expression in cortical, thalamic, and striatal regions.
Functional connectivity was altered between key regions including the lateral septal nucleus, thalamus, cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala.
Network analysis revealed reduced connections and centrality in specific thalamic and amygdaloid nuclei.

Conclusions:

Perinatal stress exposure significantly modifies glutamatergic functional connectivity in rats.
These alterations involve neuronal circuits relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders.
The findings provide a preclinical basis for understanding stress-induced behavioral changes.