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Liquid-liquid phase separation in innate immunity
Dawei Liu1, Jinhang Yang1, Ileana M Cristea1
1Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University; Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Trends in Immunology
|May 18, 2024
Summary
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is crucial for innate immunity, regulating pathogen defense. This process, controlled by post-translational modifications and targeted by viruses, offers new therapeutic strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Innate immunity provides essential defense against pathogens.
- Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) emerges as a key regulator in cellular defense mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted role of LLPS in mammalian innate immunity.
- To discuss LLPS regulation by post-translational modifications (PTMs) and viral antagonism.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of LLPS in innate immune responses.
- Analysis of LLPS regulation by PTMs.
- Examination of viral strategies to antagonize LLPS.
Main Results:
- LLPS is integral to DNA and RNA sensing pathways.
- LLPS modulates inflammasome activity.
- Viruses have evolved mechanisms to subvert LLPS for their benefit.
Conclusions:
- LLPS offers rapid and adaptable control over host immune signaling.
- LLPS represents a significant regulatory node in innate immunity.
- LLPS is a promising target for developing novel therapeutic strategies against infections.
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