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Left Cerebral Cortex Complexity in Patients with Major Depression Disorder: A Small-Sample Pilot Study.

Jian Liu1, Xinying Chen1, Chuanxin Liu2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China.

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology
|May 20, 2024
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Summary

First-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder (MDD) shows altered cerebral cortical complexity (CCC), particularly in the left hemisphere. These subtle neocortical changes may indicate early-stage brain aberrations in MDD patients.

Keywords:
Cerebral cortex complexitydepressionfractal dimensiongyrification indexmagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)source-based morphometry (SBM)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition.
  • Early-stage, drug-naive MDD may exhibit distinct neurobiological markers.
  • Cerebral cortical complexity (CCC) is a measure of cortical folding and surface irregularity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cerebral cortical complexity (CCC) in patients with first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder (MDD).
  • To analyze alterations in gyrification index (GI) and fractal dimension (FD) using source-based morphometry (SBM).
  • To correlate CCC alterations with depression symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • 14 first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed.
  • Source-based morphometry (SBM) was used to assess CCC via gyrification index (GI) and fractal dimension (FD).
  • The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) assessed depression severity.

Main Results:

  • Increased GI was observed in the left postcentral gyrus of MDD patients compared to HCs.
  • Decreased GI was found in the left angular, lingual, superior temporal, and insular cortices.
  • Altered FD was noted in the superior frontal and left superior temporal gyri, with both increases and decreases observed.

Conclusions:

  • A trend of altered left-hemisphere CCC was observed in first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients.
  • Findings suggest subtle neocortical aberrations in early-stage MDD.
  • While not statistically significant after FWE correction, the results indicate potential early neurobiological changes.