Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

2.6K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.6K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

2.3K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.3K
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

181
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
181
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

921
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
921
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

524
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
524
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

167
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
167

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reassessing and Updating Regulatory Standards on the Declaration of Storage Conditions in the Product Information of Medicinal Products: An Evidence-Based Proposal under EMA Guidance.

Pharmaceutical research·2026
Same author

N-Succinylated Canonical vs. Dehydropeptides: Contrasting Self-Assembly Pathways and Hydrogel Properties.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Long-term comorbidity patterns in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Clinical and experimental rheumatology·2026
Same author

Assessment of hypothalamic syndrome in adult craniopharyngioma patients.

Annales d'endocrinologie·2026
Same author

Long-Term Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation With Inferior Vena Cava Outflow: A Single Center Experience.

Transplantation proceedings·2026
Same author

Sequential Amiodarone-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: From Myxedema Coma to Late-Onset Type 1 Thyrotoxicosis After Drug Withdrawal.

Clinical case reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
06:27

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

16.8K

Pembrolizumab-induced type 1 diabetes.

Ariana Maia1, Daniela M Soares1, Sofia Azevedo2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Oporto, Portugal.

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice : Official Publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners
|May 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, can cause rare but severe autoimmune diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. Close monitoring for hyperglycemia and prompt management are crucial for patients receiving immunotherapy.

Keywords:
Pembrolizumabdiabetes mellitusdiabetic ketoacidosisimmunotherapy

More Related Videos

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
09:15

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies

Published on: March 23, 2018

15.5K
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
06:27

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

16.8K
Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
09:15

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies

Published on: March 23, 2018

15.5K
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy, particularly programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors like pembrolizumab, is vital in treating various cancers.
  • New-onset autoimmune diabetes is a rare but serious side effect of PD-1 inhibitors, with unclear predisposing factors and mechanisms.

Observation:

  • A 72-year-old man with bladder cancer developed hypothyroidism four months after starting pembrolizumab.
  • Two years later, he presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) symptoms, including abdominal pain, polydipsia, and vomiting.
  • He had recently received prednisolone for a suspected hypersensitivity reaction.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with new-onset autoimmune diabetes, indicated by low C-peptide levels, elevated HbA1c, and positive anti-IA2 antibodies.
  • DKA was successfully treated with insulin therapy, and pembrolizumab was temporarily suspended and later resumed.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the necessity of vigilant glycemic monitoring in patients treated with pembrolizumab and other immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of pembrolizumab-induced diabetes and to develop screening and prevention strategies for high-risk individuals.