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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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Recognizing and Managing Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Focus on Major Allergens.

Luz Fonacier1, Wolfgang Uter2, Jeanne Duus Johansen3

  • 1Allergy and Immunology, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Garden City, NY.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
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Summary

Patch testing is key for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis. This review covers common, emerging, and controversial allergens like fragrances and metals, offering management guidance for allergists and dermatologists.

Keywords:
Allergic contact dermatitisContact dermatitisFragrance allergyIrritant contact dermatitisPatch testingPreservativesResinsRubberSystemic allergic dermatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Contact Dermatitis

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) diagnosis relies on patch testing.
  • Identifying and avoiding causative allergens is crucial for ACD management.
  • Emerging allergens necessitate updated clinical guidance for healthcare professionals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common, enduring, emergent, and controversial allergens in allergic contact dermatitis.
  • To provide practical guidance on the diagnosis, management, and avoidance of specific allergens.
  • To offer resources for physicians and patients regarding prevalent allergens like nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrances.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of common, emerging, and controversial allergens.
  • Analysis of sources of exposure, diagnostic controversies, and management strategies.
  • Compilation of practical guidance and patient/physician resources.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of fragrances, preservatives, rubber, acrylates, metals, and medications as allergens.
  • Identification of controversies in patch testing and diagnosis.
  • Highlighting nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance as most common allergens.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of ACD requires comprehensive allergen identification and avoidance strategies.
  • This review provides essential information for clinicians managing ACD.
  • Resources are offered to support physicians and patients in navigating common allergen exposures.