Patterns and Outcomes in Pediatric Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Single Centre Cohort Study

Area of Science:

• Pediatric infectious diseases
• Gastroenterology
• Global health

Background:

• Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment can be challenging, especially in children.
• Limited studies focus on pediatric abdominal TB outcomes and risk factors for adverse events.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate treatment response and identify factors associated with poorer outcomes in children with abdominal TB.
• To analyze the presentation, management, and outcomes of pediatric abdominal TB.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 75 pediatric abdominal TB cases from 2007-2021.
• Data collected via questionnaire and follow-up (in-person or telephonic).
• Evaluated demographic features, symptoms, investigations, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

• Abdominal TB incidence was 7% in all TB cases; mean age was 10.1 years.
• Mesenteric lymph nodes (67%) and small intestine (33%) were common sites.
• Older age, small intestine involvement, and surgery were associated with higher mortality (6/70 deaths).

Conclusions:

• Intestinal involvement necessitates surgery and increases mortality risk in pediatric abdominal TB.
• Adolescents with abdominal TB experience poorer outcomes.
• Further research on specific subgroups is needed to improve prevention and treatment strategies.