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A case-control study of BCG and childhood tuberculosis in Cali, Colombia

C Shapiro, N Cook, D Evans

    International Journal of Epidemiology
    |September 1, 1985
    PubMed

    Insights

    The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine showed a trend towards preventing childhood tuberculosis (TB) in Colombia. However, its effectiveness decreased significantly over time since vaccination.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • Childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge.
    • BCG vaccination is the primary method for preventing severe forms of childhood TB.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in preventing childhood TB in Cali, Colombia.
    • To assess the impact of time since vaccination on BCG efficacy.

    Main Methods:

    • A case-control study design was employed.
    • 178 pediatric TB cases (0-14 years) and 320 controls were recruited from households in Cali, Colombia.
    • Matched set multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine relative risk (RR).

    Main Results:

    • The age- and sex-adjusted RR of TB among BCG vaccinees versus non-vaccinees was 0.84 (95% CL: 0.43–1.62), indicating a non-significant trend towards protection.
    • A significant decrease in TB risk was observed with increasing time since vaccination (RR = 0.83 per year; 95% CL: 0.74–0.94).

    Conclusions:

    • BCG vaccination may offer some protection against childhood TB, though not statistically significant in this study.
    • The protective effect of BCG vaccination wanes over time, highlighting the need for further research into booster strategies or alternative vaccines.

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