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Hypertension, a major cardiovascular risk, is influenced by gut microbiota. Understanding this gut-brain axis and microbial metabolites offers new avenues for hypertension prevention and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a leading global cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • Its complex pathogenesis involves genetic, dietary, and environmental factors.
  • Gut microbiota composition is increasingly recognized to influence blood pressure regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted relationship between hypertension and the gut microbiota.
  • To review key aspects including microbial types, metabolites, and gut-brain interactions.
  • To discuss therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota for hypertension management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hypertension and gut microbiota.
  • Analysis of the impact of gut microbial metabolites on blood pressure.
  • Examination of the role of sympathetic activation and gut-brain axis.
  • Evaluation of lifestyle factors (diet, exercise) and microbiota-targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota characteristics vary with blood pressure levels.
  • Microbial metabolites and gut-brain interactions play a role in hypertension.
  • Diet, exercise, and certain traditional remedies show potential for hypertension management.
  • Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) require further large-scale validation.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota is a significant factor in hypertension development and progression.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota offers novel strategies for hypertension prevention and treatment.
  • Further research, particularly large clinical trials, is needed to confirm the efficacy of interventions like probiotics and FMT.