Evaluation methods of BDS-3 ground-segment defensive capability oriented to satellite navigation countermeasures

Area of Science:

• Navigation Systems Engineering
• Satellite Systems Security
• Electromagnetic Compatibility

Background:

• Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are vulnerable to intentional interference and destruction, challenging their secure application.
• Assessing system-level defensive capabilities is crucial for maintaining GNSS service during countermeasures and optimizing decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose an evaluation system, including indices and methods, for the ground-segment defensive capability of GNSS.
• To verify the proposed evaluation system using the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System III (BDS-3) as a case study.

Main Methods:

• Developed an evaluation system focusing on service performance and station function indices for the GNSS ground control segment.
• Utilized BeiDou Navigation Satellite System III (BDS-3) two-way observation data from March 5-12, 2022, for method verification.
• Conducted seven damage experiments with varying interference strengths to assess positioning accuracy and error correction.

Main Results:

• The BDS-3 ground stations demonstrated good defensive capability, with positioning accuracy within 1m and convergence time under 30 minutes.
• BDS-3 ground-segment defense (14.06%) was found to be slightly lower than GPS (14.43%), while the integrated BDS/GPS system showed the strongest defense (15.29%).

Conclusions:

• The BDS-3 ground segment exhibits robust defensive capabilities against interference.
• Future improvements for BDS-3 should focus on ground station development in the Western Hemisphere and enhancing system compatibility and interoperability.