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Breast Tuberculosis in Iran: A Comprehensive Review
Farhang Babamahmoodi1, Abdolreza Babamahmoodi1,2,3, Rahim Barzegar3
1Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
International Journal of Mycobacteriology
|May 21, 2024
Summary
Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rare but requires high suspicion for diagnosis. This review of 96 Iranian cases found common symptoms like pain and mass, with favorable outcomes after standard anti-TB drug treatment and low relapse rates.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health issue, affecting various organs.
- Breast tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon manifestation of TB.
- Accurate diagnosis of breast TB is often challenging due to its varied presentation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze cases of breast TB reported in Iran over a 23-year period.
- To identify common clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes for breast TB.
- To emphasize the importance of increased awareness for diagnosing breast TB in high-burden regions.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of breast TB cases in Iran from 1999 to 2022.
- Analysis of 96 identified cases focusing on demographics, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Data extraction and synthesis of relevant clinical and epidemiological information.
Main Results:
- The majority of 96 cases were women aged 20-60 (89.6%).
- Common symptoms included breast pain and palpable mass (approx. 60.4% each).
- Excisional biopsy was crucial for diagnosis (68.7%), with a low relapse rate (4.2%) after standard 6-month anti-TB treatment.
Conclusions:
- Breast TB diagnosis requires heightened clinical suspicion, particularly in endemic areas.
- Despite diagnostic challenges, prompt treatment leads to favorable prognoses and minimal relapse.
- Increased awareness and vigilance are essential for timely and accurate diagnosis of breast TB.
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