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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

1.1K
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

1.6K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
1.6K
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

1.0K
When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
1.0K
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

1.3K
The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
1.3K
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

969
In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
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Sensitive Discrete Frequency Mid-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy Using Digitally Referenced Detection.

Ruo-Jing Ho1,2, Kevin Yeh1, Yen-Ting Liu1,3

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Digitally Referenced Detection (DRD) reduces noise in laser-based spectroscopy and microscopy. This technique improves signal-to-noise ratio, enabling faster measurements and enhanced chemical detection capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy and Spectrometry
  • Laser Technology
  • Chemical Analysis

Background:

  • Mid-infrared (IR) lasers, like quantum cascade lasers (QCL), are crucial for vibrational spectroscopy, enabling rapid chemical detection.
  • Current laser-based spectrometers offer high throughput but are limited by QCL noise, affecting signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and acquisition times.
  • Existing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods face challenges with speed and sensitivity compared to emerging laser technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Digitally Referenced Detection (DRD) as a method to overcome noise limitations in laser-based spectrometers and microscopes.
  • To demonstrate DRD's compatibility with various laser spectrometer and microscope designs.
  • To improve measurement sensitivity and reduce acquisition times in spectroscopic and microscopic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of DRD using high-speed digitizers and dual detectors to digitally reference each laser pulse individually.
  • Integration of DRD into existing spectrometer and microscope systems.
  • Validation of DRD's effectiveness across different spectroscopic techniques, including vibrational spectroscopy and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD).

Main Results:

  • DRD significantly reduces spectral noise by up to 10-fold in spectrometers.
  • Microscopy applications using DRD achieved normal SNR at 8-fold faster acquisition speeds (1 pulse dwell time).
  • VCD measurements showed a ~4-fold reduction in scan times with DRD implementation.

Conclusions:

  • DRD is a versatile and effective technique for enhancing sensitivity and speed in laser-based spectroscopy and microscopy.
  • The method offers broad spectral indifference and is adaptable to various system designs with minimal hardware modifications.
  • DRD presents a promising, simple module for advancing spectrometer and microscope designs utilizing lasers for chemical analysis.