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Active European warzone impacts raptor migration.

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Human conflict in Ukraine disrupted Greater Spotted Eagle migration. Eagles altered routes, used fewer stopovers, and faced delayed arrivals, indicating increased energetic costs and potential fitness impacts.

Keywords:
Greater Spotted EaglesRussia-Ukraine wararmed conflictsextreme anthropogenic disturbancesmigratory behaviormovement ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Conflict Ecology

Background:

  • Human conflicts significantly impact wildlife through habitat disruption and increased energetic demands.
  • Extreme anthropogenic disturbances can impede migratory species, affecting their survival and reproductive success.
  • The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine presented a unique case study for assessing conflict impacts on migratory birds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effects of the 2022 conflict in Ukraine on the migratory behavior of Greater Spotted Eagles.
  • To analyze how conflict events influenced migration routes, stopover site usage, and arrival times.
  • To assess the potential energetic costs and fitness implications for migrating eagles due to conflict exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GPS tracking data from 19 Greater Spotted Eagles migrating through Ukraine.
  • Integrated conflict data from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) project.
  • Employed a quasi-experimental before-after control-impact design, controlling for meteorological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Migrating eagles exhibited altered migratory behavior compared to previous years, including reduced stopover use and significant route deviations.
  • The eagles' migration through Ukraine exposed them to conflict events, leading to delayed arrival at breeding grounds.
  • Observed behavioral changes suggest an increased energetic cost of migration and potential sublethal fitness effects.

Conclusions:

  • Human conflicts demonstrably alter migratory bird behavior, affecting critical life-history events.
  • Exposure to conflict events imposes significant energetic challenges on wildlife, potentially impacting population dynamics.
  • Findings underscore the broader implications of anthropogenic disturbances for migratory species conservation.